Knee arthritis, often referred to as osteoarthritis of the knee, is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the deterioration of cartilage in the knee joint, leading to pain, stiffness, swelling, and decreased range of motion. This condition occurs when the smooth, protective tissue that cushions the ends of the bones in the knee joint wears down over time, resulting in bone-on-bone contact that can be extremely painful. As the cartilage breaks down, the body responds with inflammation, which can further exacerbate discomfort and restrict mobility. This condition is particularly prevalent in older adults, but it can also arise in younger individuals due to factors such as obesity, previous joint injuries, and mechanical problems in the knee. Risk factors include age, genetics, weight, and physical activity levels, where excessive stress on the knee joints can hasten cartilage breakdown. Symptoms of knee arthritis often include persistent pain during or after movement, swelling, tenderness around the joint, and a noticeable decrease in flexibility. Patients may experience a grinding sensation during movement, as well as the development of bone spurs around the joint that can contribute to discomfort. The diagnosis of knee arthritis typically involves a thorough medical history review, physical examination, and imaging studies such as X-rays or MRI scans to assess the extent of cartilage loss and rule out other potential causes of knee pain. Treatment options for knee arthritis generally aim to relieve pain, improve function, and slow disease progression. Initial management may include lifestyle modifications such as weight loss, regular low-impact exercise, physical therapy, and the use of assistive devices. Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation. In more severe cases, corticosteroid injections may be given directly into the joint to provide temporary relief. If conservative treatments fail, surgical options such as arthroscopy or knee replacement surgery may be considered, particularly when the arthritis severely impacts a person's quality of life. While knee arthritis is a chronic condition with no cure, effective management strategies can help individuals maintain their functionality and engage in daily activities with greater ease. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider can ensure that the treatment plan is tailored to the individual's needs and that any progression of the disease is monitored. As awareness of knee arthritis grows, so does the understanding of its multifaceted nature, prompting ongoing research into new treatment modalities, including regenerative therapies that aim to restore cartilage and joint function.
